Print version: Atta-ur-Rahman ; Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti Infectives: Volume 7, Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers as Potential Antiviral Drugs -- Serap Evran1,*, Özge Uğurlu1,2, Ezgi Man1, Merve Gültan1 and Canan Özyurt3 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. The in vitro Selection Methods for Peptide and Nucleic Acid Aptamers -- 1.2. MRNA Display -- 1.3. Ribosome Display -- 1.4. SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) for Nucleic Acid Aptamers -- 1.4.1. Cell-SELEX -- 1.4.2. Bead-Based SELEX -- 1.5. Post-SELEX Modifications, 1.6. Modification of Peptide Aptamers for Therapeutic Applications -- 2. APTAMERS IN VIRAL DIAGNOSIS -- 2.1. Aptamers in Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) -- 2.2. Aptamers in Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) -- 2.3. Aptamers in Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -- 2.4. Aptamers in Diagnosis of Influenza -- 2.5. Aptamers in Diagnosis of Arboviruses -- 2.6. Aptamers in Diagnosis of SARS Virus -- 2.7. Aptamers in Diagnosis of Ebola Virus -- 2.8. Aptamer in Diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 -- 2.9. Aptamers in Diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), 2.10. Aptamer in Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) -- 3. POTENTIALLY THERAPEUTIC APTAMERS AGAINST VIRAL PROTEINS -- 3.1. Aptamers Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Proteins -- 3.1.1. Reverse Transcriptase (RT) -- 3.1.2. Integrase (IN) -- 3.1.3. Other proteins of HIV-1 -- 3.2. Aptamers Against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Proteins -- 3.2.1. Non-Structural Proteins (NS) of HCV -- 3.2.2. Structural Proteins of HCV -- 3.3. Aptamers Against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Proteins -- 3.4. Aptamers Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus Proteins, 3.5. Aptamers Against Influenza Virus Proteins -- 4. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Host-Directed, Antibiotic-Adjuvant Combination, and Antibiotic-Antibiotic Combination for Treating Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Gram-Negative Pathogens -- Wattana Leowattana1,*, Pathomthep Leowattana2 and Tawithep Leowattana3 -- INTRODUCTION -- MDR GRAM-NEGATIVE PATHOGENS (GNPS) -- MECHANISM OF RESISTANT DRUGS -- ESBL-PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE -- CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (CRE) -- MDR A. BAUMANNII -- HOST-DIRECTED THERAPIES, ANTIBIOTIC-ADJUVANT COMBINATION THERAPY -- ANTIBIOTIC-ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATION THERAPY -- TREATMENT OF MDR K. PNEUMONIAE -- TREATMENT OF MDR P. AERUGINOSA -- TREATMENT OF MDR A. BAUMANNII -- TREATMENT OF MDR E. COLI -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Bioactive Substances as Anti-infective Strategies Against Clostridioides Difficile -- Joana Barbosa1,* and Paula Teixeira1 -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOGENESIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF C. DIFFICILE -- CURRENT APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF CDI -- Initial Episodes of CDI, Description based upon print version of record, Fulminant Episodes of CDI